refraction
re.frac.tion \ri-'frak-sh*n\ n 1: deflection from a straight path undergone by a light ray or energy wave in passing obliquely from one medium (as air) into another (as glass) in which its velocity is different 2: the change in the apparent position of a celestial body due to bending o f the light rays emanating from it as they pass through the atmosphere; also : the correction to be applied to the apparent position of a body because of this bending